public final class URI extends Object implements Comparable<URI>, Serializable
Aside from some minor deviations noted below, an instance of this class represents a URI reference as defined by RFC 2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, amended by RFC 2732: Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URLs. The Literal IPv6 address format also supports scope_ids. The syntax and usage of scope_ids is described here. This class provides constructors for creating URI instances from their components or by parsing their string forms, methods for accessing the various components of an instance, and methods for normalizing, resolving, and relativizing URI instances. Instances of this class are immutable.
[schemewhere square brackets [...] delineate optional components and the characters:
]scheme-specific-part[#
fragment]
:
and #
stand for themselves.
An absolute URI specifies a scheme; a URI that is not absolute is said to be relative. URIs are also classified according to whether they are opaque or hierarchical.
An opaque URI is an absolute URI whose scheme-specific part does
not begin with a slash character ('/'
). Opaque URIs are not
subject to further parsing. Some examples of opaque URIs are:
mailto:[email protected]
news:comp.lang.java
urn:isbn:096139210x
A hierarchical URI is either an absolute URI whose scheme-specific part begins with a slash character, or a relative URI, that is, a URI that does not specify a scheme. Some examples of hierarchical URIs are:
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/
docs/guide/collections/designfaq.html#28
../../../demo/jfc/SwingSet2/src/SwingSet2.java
file:///~/calendar
A hierarchical URI is subject to further parsing according to the syntax
[schemewhere the characters:
][//
authority][path][?
query][#
fragment]
:
, /
,
?
, and #
stand for themselves. The
scheme-specific part of a hierarchical URI consists of the characters
between the scheme and fragment components.
The authority component of a hierarchical URI is, if specified, either server-based or registry-based. A server-based authority parses according to the familiar syntax
[user-infowhere the characters@
]host[:
port]
@
and :
stand for
themselves. Nearly all URI schemes currently in use are server-based. An
authority component that does not parse in this way is considered to be
registry-based.
The path component of a hierarchical URI is itself said to be absolute
if it begins with a slash character ('/'
); otherwise it is
relative. The path of a hierarchical URI that is either absolute or
specifies an authority is always absolute.
All told, then, a URI instance has the following nine components:
In a given instance any particular component is either undefined or defined with a distinct value. Undefined string components are represented by
Component Type scheme String
scheme-specific-part String
authority String
user-info String
host String
port int
path String
query String
fragment String
null
, while undefined integer components are
represented by -1
. A string component may be defined to have the
empty string as its value; this is not equivalent to that component being
undefined.
Whether a particular component is or is not defined in an instance depends upon the type of the URI being represented. An absolute URI has a scheme component. An opaque URI has a scheme, a scheme-specific part, and possibly a fragment, but has no other components. A hierarchical URI always has a path (though it may be empty) and a scheme-specific-part (which at least contains the path), and may have any of the other components. If the authority component is present and is server-based then the host component will be defined and the user-information and port components may be defined.
Normalization is the process of removing unnecessary "."
and ".."
segments from the path component of a hierarchical URI.
Each "."
segment is simply removed. A ".."
segment is
removed only if it is preceded by a non-".."
segment.
Normalization has no effect upon opaque URIs.
Resolution is the process of resolving one URI against another, base URI. The resulting URI is constructed from components of both URIs in the manner specified by RFC 2396, taking components from the base URI for those not specified in the original. For hierarchical URIs, the path of the original is resolved against the path of the base and then normalized. The result, for example, of resolving
docs/guide/collections/designfaq.html#28
(1)
against the base URI http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/
is the result
URI
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.3/docs/guide/collections/designfaq.html#28
Resolving the relative URI
../../../demo/jfc/SwingSet2/src/SwingSet2.java
(2)
against this result yields, in turn,
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/demo/jfc/SwingSet2/src/SwingSet2.java
Resolution of both absolute and relative URIs, and of both absolute and
relative paths in the case of hierarchical URIs, is supported. Resolving
the URI file:///~calendar
against any other URI simply yields the
original URI, since it is absolute. Resolving the relative URI (2) above
against the relative base URI (1) yields the normalized, but still relative,
URI
demo/jfc/SwingSet2/src/SwingSet2.java
Relativization, finally, is the inverse of resolution: For any two normalized URIs u and v,
uThis operation is often useful when constructing a document containing URIs that must be made relative to the base URI of the document wherever possible. For example, relativizing the URI.relativize(
u.resolve(
v)).equals(
v)
and
u.resolve(
u.relativize(
v)).equals(
v)
.
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.3/docs/guide/index.html
against the base URI
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3
yields the relative URI docs/guide/index.html
.
alpha The US-ASCII alphabetic characters, 'A'
through'Z'
and'a'
through'z'
digit The US-ASCII decimal digit characters, '0'
through'9'
alphanum All alpha and digit characters unreserved All alphanum characters together with those in the string "_-!.~'()*"
punct The characters in the string ",;:$&+="
reserved All punct characters together with those in the string "?/[]@"
escaped Escaped octets, that is, triplets consisting of the percent character ( '%'
) followed by two hexadecimal digits ('0'
-'9'
,'A'
-'F'
, and'a'
-'f'
)other The Unicode characters that are not in the US-ASCII character set, are not control characters (according to the Character.isISOControl
method), and are not space characters (according to theCharacter.isSpaceChar
method) (Deviation from RFC 2396, which is limited to US-ASCII)
The set of all legal URI characters consists of the unreserved, reserved, escaped, and other characters.
To encode non-US-ASCII characters when a URI is required to conform strictly to RFC 2396 by not containing any other characters.
To quote characters that are otherwise illegal in a component. The user-info, path, query, and fragment components differ slightly in terms of which characters are considered legal and illegal.
A character is encoded by replacing it
with the sequence of escaped octets that represent that character in the
UTF-8 character set. The Euro currency symbol ('\u20AC'
),
for example, is encoded as "%E2%82%AC"
. (Deviation from
RFC 2396, which does not specify any particular character
set.)
An illegal character is quoted simply by
encoding it. The space character, for example, is quoted by replacing it
with "%20"
. UTF-8 contains US-ASCII, hence for US-ASCII
characters this transformation has exactly the effect required by
RFC 2396.
A sequence of escaped octets is decoded by
replacing it with the sequence of characters that it represents in the
UTF-8 character set. UTF-8 contains US-ASCII, hence decoding has the
effect of de-quoting any quoted US-ASCII characters as well as that of
decoding any encoded non-US-ASCII characters. If a decoding error occurs
when decoding the escaped octets then the erroneous octets are replaced by
'\uFFFD'
, the Unicode replacement character.
The single-argument constructor requires any illegal characters in its argument to be quoted and preserves any escaped octets and other characters that are present.
The multi-argument constructors quote illegal characters as
required by the components in which they appear. The percent character
('%'
) is always quoted by these constructors. Any other
characters are preserved.
The getRawUserInfo
, getRawPath
, getRawQuery
, getRawFragment
, getRawAuthority
, and getRawSchemeSpecificPart
methods return the
values of their corresponding components in raw form, without interpreting
any escaped octets. The strings returned by these methods may contain
both escaped octets and other characters, and will not contain any
illegal characters.
The getUserInfo
, getPath
, getQuery
, getFragment
, getAuthority
, and getSchemeSpecificPart
methods decode any escaped
octets in their corresponding components. The strings returned by these
methods may contain both other characters and illegal characters,
and will not contain any escaped octets.
The toString
method returns a URI string with
all necessary quotation but which may contain other characters.
The toASCIIString
method returns a fully
quoted and encoded URI string that does not contain any other
characters.
For any URI u that does not contain redundant syntax such as two slashes before an empty authority (as innew URI(
u.toString()).equals(
u)
.
file:///tmp/
) or a
colon following a host name but no port (as in
http://java.sun.com:
), and that does not encode characters
except those that must be quoted, the following identities also hold:
new URI(u.getScheme(), u.getSchemeSpecificPart(), u.getFragment()) .equals(u)in all cases,
new URI(u.getScheme(), u.getUserInfo(), u.getAuthority(), u.getPath(), u.getQuery(), u.getFragment()) .equals(u)if u is hierarchical, and
new URI(u.getScheme(), u.getUserInfo(), u.getHost(), u.getPort(), u.getPath(), u.getQuery(), u.getFragment()) .equals(u)if u is hierarchical and has either no authority or a server-based authority.
mailto
, news
, and
isbn
URIs shown above are examples of URNs.
The conceptual distinction between URIs and URLs is reflected in the
differences between this class and the URL
class.
An instance of this class represents a URI reference in the syntactic sense defined by RFC 2396. A URI may be either absolute or relative. A URI string is parsed according to the generic syntax without regard to the scheme, if any, that it specifies. No lookup of the host, if any, is performed, and no scheme-dependent stream handler is constructed. Equality, hashing, and comparison are defined strictly in terms of the character content of the instance. In other words, a URI instance is little more than a structured string that supports the syntactic, scheme-independent operations of comparison, normalization, resolution, and relativization.
An instance of the URL
class, by contrast, represents the
syntactic components of a URL together with some of the information required
to access the resource that it describes. A URL must be absolute, that is,
it must always specify a scheme. A URL string is parsed according to its
scheme. A stream handler is always established for a URL, and in fact it is
impossible to create a URL instance for a scheme for which no handler is
available. Equality and hashing depend upon both the scheme and the
Internet address of the host, if any; comparison is not defined. In other
words, a URL is a structured string that supports the syntactic operation of
resolution as well as the network I/O operations of looking up the host and
opening a connection to the specified resource.
Constructor and Description |
---|
URI(String str)
Constructs a URI by parsing the given string.
|
URI(String scheme,
String ssp,
String fragment)
Constructs a URI from the given components.
|
URI(String scheme,
String userInfo,
String host,
int port,
String path,
String query,
String fragment)
Constructs a hierarchical URI from the given components.
|
URI(String scheme,
String host,
String path,
String fragment)
Constructs a hierarchical URI from the given components.
|
URI(String scheme,
String authority,
String path,
String query,
String fragment)
Constructs a hierarchical URI from the given components.
|
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
---|---|
int |
compareTo(URI that)
Compares this URI to another object, which must be a URI.
|
static URI |
create(String str)
Creates a URI by parsing the given string.
|
boolean |
equals(Object ob)
Tests this URI for equality with another object.
|
String |
getAuthority()
Returns the decoded authority component of this URI.
|
String |
getFragment()
Returns the decoded fragment component of this URI.
|
String |
getHost()
Returns the host component of this URI.
|
String |
getPath()
Returns the decoded path component of this URI.
|
int |
getPort()
Returns the port number of this URI.
|
String |
getQuery()
Returns the decoded query component of this URI.
|
String |
getRawAuthority()
Returns the raw authority component of this URI.
|
String |
getRawFragment()
Returns the raw fragment component of this URI.
|
String |
getRawPath()
Returns the raw path component of this URI.
|
String |
getRawQuery()
Returns the raw query component of this URI.
|
String |
getRawSchemeSpecificPart()
Returns the raw scheme-specific part of this URI.
|
String |
getRawUserInfo()
Returns the raw user-information component of this URI.
|
String |
getScheme()
Returns the scheme component of this URI.
|
String |
getSchemeSpecificPart()
Returns the decoded scheme-specific part of this URI.
|
String |
getUserInfo()
Returns the decoded user-information component of this URI.
|
int |
hashCode()
Returns a hash-code value for this URI.
|
boolean |
isAbsolute()
Tells whether or not this URI is absolute.
|
boolean |
isOpaque()
Tells whether or not this URI is opaque.
|
URI |
normalize()
Normalizes this URI's path.
|
URI |
parseServerAuthority()
Attempts to parse this URI's authority component, if defined, into
user-information, host, and port components.
|
URI |
relativize(URI uri)
Relativizes the given URI against this URI.
|
URI |
resolve(String str)
Constructs a new URI by parsing the given string and then resolving it
against this URI.
|
URI |
resolve(URI uri)
Resolves the given URI against this URI.
|
String |
toASCIIString()
Returns the content of this URI as a US-ASCII string.
|
String |
toString()
Returns the content of this URI as a string.
|
URL |
toURL()
Constructs a URL from this URI.
|
public URI(String str) throws URISyntaxException
This constructor parses the given string exactly as specified by the grammar in RFC 2396, Appendix A, except for the following deviations:
An empty authority component is permitted as long as it is
followed by a non-empty path, a query component, or a fragment
component. This allows the parsing of URIs such as
"file:///foo/bar"
, which seems to be the intent of
RFC 2396 although the grammar does not permit it. If the
authority component is empty then the user-information, host, and port
components are undefined.
Empty relative paths are permitted; this seems to be the
intent of RFC 2396 although the grammar does not permit it. The
primary consequence of this deviation is that a standalone fragment
such as "#foo"
parses as a relative URI with an empty path
and the given fragment, and can be usefully resolved against a base URI.
IPv4 addresses in host components are parsed rigorously, as specified by RFC 2732: Each element of a dotted-quad address must contain no more than three decimal digits. Each element is further constrained to have a value no greater than 255.
Hostnames in host components that comprise only a single
domain label are permitted to start with an alphanum
character. This seems to be the intent of RFC 2396
section 3.2.2 although the grammar does not permit it. The
consequence of this deviation is that the authority component of a
hierarchical URI such as s://123
, will parse as a server-based
authority.
IPv6 addresses are permitted for the host component. An IPv6
address must be enclosed in square brackets ('['
and
']'
) as specified by RFC 2732. The
IPv6 address itself must parse according to RFC 2373. IPv6
addresses are further constrained to describe no more than sixteen
bytes of address information, a constraint implicit in RFC 2373
but not expressible in the grammar.
Characters in the other category are permitted wherever RFC 2396 permits escaped octets, that is, in the user-information, path, query, and fragment components, as well as in the authority component if the authority is registry-based. This allows URIs to contain Unicode characters beyond those in the US-ASCII character set.
str
- The string to be parsed into a URINullPointerException
- If str
is null
URISyntaxException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396, as augmented
by the above deviationspublic URI(String scheme, String userInfo, String host, int port, String path, String query, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
If a scheme is given then the path, if also given, must either be
empty or begin with a slash character ('/'
). Otherwise a
component of the new URI may be left undefined by passing null
for the corresponding parameter or, in the case of the port
parameter, by passing -1
.
This constructor first builds a URI string from the given components according to the rules specified in RFC 2396, section 5.2, step 7:
Initially, the result string is empty.
If a scheme is given then it is appended to the result,
followed by a colon character (':'
).
If user information, a host, or a port are given then the
string "//"
is appended.
If user information is given then it is appended, followed by
a commercial-at character ('@'
). Any character not in the
unreserved, punct, escaped, or other
categories is quoted.
If a host is given then it is appended. If the host is a
literal IPv6 address but is not enclosed in square brackets
('['
and ']'
) then the square brackets are added.
If a port number is given then a colon character
(':'
) is appended, followed by the port number in decimal.
If a path is given then it is appended. Any character not in
the unreserved, punct, escaped, or other
categories, and not equal to the slash character ('/'
) or the
commercial-at character ('@'
), is quoted.
If a query is given then a question-mark character
('?'
) is appended, followed by the query. Any character that
is not a legal URI character is quoted.
Finally, if a fragment is given then a hash character
('#'
) is appended, followed by the fragment. Any character
that is not a legal URI character is quoted.
The resulting URI string is then parsed as if by invoking the URI(String)
constructor and then invoking the parseServerAuthority()
method upon the result; this may cause a URISyntaxException
to be thrown.
scheme
- Scheme nameuserInfo
- User name and authorization informationhost
- Host nameport
- Port numberpath
- Pathquery
- Queryfragment
- FragmentURISyntaxException
- If both a scheme and a path are given but the path is relative,
if the URI string constructed from the given components violates
RFC 2396, or if the authority component of the string is
present but cannot be parsed as a server-based authoritypublic URI(String scheme, String authority, String path, String query, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
If a scheme is given then the path, if also given, must either be
empty or begin with a slash character ('/'
). Otherwise a
component of the new URI may be left undefined by passing null
for the corresponding parameter.
This constructor first builds a URI string from the given components according to the rules specified in RFC 2396, section 5.2, step 7:
Initially, the result string is empty.
If a scheme is given then it is appended to the result,
followed by a colon character (':'
).
If an authority is given then the string "//"
is
appended, followed by the authority. If the authority contains a
literal IPv6 address then the address must be enclosed in square
brackets ('['
and ']'
). Any character not in the
unreserved, punct, escaped, or other
categories, and not equal to the commercial-at character
('@'
), is quoted.
If a path is given then it is appended. Any character not in
the unreserved, punct, escaped, or other
categories, and not equal to the slash character ('/'
) or the
commercial-at character ('@'
), is quoted.
If a query is given then a question-mark character
('?'
) is appended, followed by the query. Any character that
is not a legal URI character is quoted.
Finally, if a fragment is given then a hash character
('#'
) is appended, followed by the fragment. Any character
that is not a legal URI character is quoted.
The resulting URI string is then parsed as if by invoking the URI(String)
constructor and then invoking the parseServerAuthority()
method upon the result; this may cause a URISyntaxException
to be thrown.
scheme
- Scheme nameauthority
- Authoritypath
- Pathquery
- Queryfragment
- FragmentURISyntaxException
- If both a scheme and a path are given but the path is relative,
if the URI string constructed from the given components violates
RFC 2396, or if the authority component of the string is
present but cannot be parsed as a server-based authoritypublic URI(String scheme, String host, String path, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
A component may be left undefined by passing null
.
This convenience constructor works as if by invoking the seven-argument constructor as follows:
new
URI
(scheme, null, host, -1, path, null, fragment);
scheme
- Scheme namehost
- Host namepath
- Pathfragment
- FragmentURISyntaxException
- If the URI string constructed from the given components
violates RFC 2396public URI(String scheme, String ssp, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
A component may be left undefined by passing null
.
This constructor first builds a URI in string form using the given components as follows:
Initially, the result string is empty.
If a scheme is given then it is appended to the result,
followed by a colon character (':'
).
If a scheme-specific part is given then it is appended. Any character that is not a legal URI character is quoted.
Finally, if a fragment is given then a hash character
('#'
) is appended to the string, followed by the fragment.
Any character that is not a legal URI character is quoted.
The resulting URI string is then parsed in order to create the new
URI instance as if by invoking the URI(String)
constructor;
this may cause a URISyntaxException
to be thrown.
scheme
- Scheme namessp
- Scheme-specific partfragment
- FragmentURISyntaxException
- If the URI string constructed from the given components
violates RFC 2396public static URI create(String str)
This convenience factory method works as if by invoking the URI(String)
constructor; any URISyntaxException
thrown by the
constructor is caught and wrapped in a new IllegalArgumentException
object, which is then thrown.
This method is provided for use in situations where it is known that
the given string is a legal URI, for example for URI constants declared
within in a program, and so it would be considered a programming error
for the string not to parse as such. The constructors, which throw
URISyntaxException
directly, should be used situations where a
URI is being constructed from user input or from some other source that
may be prone to errors.
str
- The string to be parsed into a URINullPointerException
- If str
is null
IllegalArgumentException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396public URI parseServerAuthority() throws URISyntaxException
If this URI's authority component has already been recognized as being server-based then it will already have been parsed into user-information, host, and port components. In this case, or if this URI has no authority component, this method simply returns this URI.
Otherwise this method attempts once more to parse the authority component into user-information, host, and port components, and throws an exception describing why the authority component could not be parsed in that way.
This method is provided because the generic URI syntax specified in
RFC 2396
cannot always distinguish a malformed server-based authority from a
legitimate registry-based authority. It must therefore treat some
instances of the former as instances of the latter. The authority
component in the URI string "//foo:bar"
, for example, is not a
legal server-based authority but it is legal as a registry-based
authority.
In many common situations, for example when working URIs that are known to be either URNs or URLs, the hierarchical URIs being used will always be server-based. They therefore must either be parsed as such or treated as an error. In these cases a statement such as
URI
u= new URI(str).parseServerAuthority();
can be used to ensure that u always refers to a URI that, if it has an authority component, has a server-based authority with proper user-information, host, and port components. Invoking this method also ensures that if the authority could not be parsed in that way then an appropriate diagnostic message can be issued based upon the exception that is thrown.
URISyntaxException
- If the authority component of this URI is defined
but cannot be parsed as a server-based authority
according to RFC 2396public URI normalize()
If this URI is opaque, or if its path is already in normal form, then this URI is returned. Otherwise a new URI is constructed that is identical to this URI except that its path is computed by normalizing this URI's path in a manner consistent with RFC 2396, section 5.2, step 6, sub-steps c through f; that is:
All "."
segments are removed.
If a ".."
segment is preceded by a non-".."
segment then both of these segments are removed. This step is
repeated until it is no longer applicable.
If the path is relative, and if its first segment contains a
colon character (':'
), then a "."
segment is
prepended. This prevents a relative URI with a path such as
"a:b/c/d"
from later being re-parsed as an opaque URI with a
scheme of "a"
and a scheme-specific part of "b/c/d"
.
(Deviation from RFC 2396)
A normalized path will begin with one or more ".."
segments
if there were insufficient non-".."
segments preceding them to
allow their removal. A normalized path will begin with a "."
segment if one was inserted by step 3 above. Otherwise, a normalized
path will not contain any "."
or ".."
segments.
public URI resolve(URI uri)
If the given URI is already absolute, or if this URI is opaque, then the given URI is returned.
If the given URI's fragment component is
defined, its path component is empty, and its scheme, authority, and
query components are undefined, then a URI with the given fragment but
with all other components equal to those of this URI is returned. This
allows a URI representing a standalone fragment reference, such as
"#foo"
, to be usefully resolved against a base URI.
Otherwise this method constructs a new hierarchical URI in a manner consistent with RFC 2396, section 5.2; that is:
A new URI is constructed with this URI's scheme and the given URI's query and fragment components.
If the given URI has an authority component then the new URI's authority and path are taken from the given URI.
Otherwise the new URI's authority component is copied from this URI, and its path is computed as follows:
If the given URI's path is absolute then the new URI's path is taken from the given URI.
Otherwise the given URI's path is relative, and so the new
URI's path is computed by resolving the path of the given URI
against the path of this URI. This is done by concatenating all but
the last segment of this URI's path, if any, with the given URI's
path and then normalizing the result as if by invoking the normalize
method.
The result of this method is absolute if, and only if, either this URI is absolute or the given URI is absolute.
uri
- The URI to be resolved against this URINullPointerException
- If uri
is null
public URI resolve(String str)
This convenience method works as if invoking it were equivalent to
evaluating the expression resolve
(URI.
create
(str))
.
str
- The string to be parsed into a URINullPointerException
- If str
is null
IllegalArgumentException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396public URI relativize(URI uri)
The relativization of the given URI against this URI is computed as follows:
If either this URI or the given URI are opaque, or if the scheme and authority components of the two URIs are not identical, or if the path of this URI is not a prefix of the path of the given URI, then the given URI is returned.
Otherwise a new relative hierarchical URI is constructed with query and fragment components taken from the given URI and with a path component computed by removing this URI's path from the beginning of the given URI's path.
uri
- The URI to be relativized against this URINullPointerException
- If uri
is null
public URL toURL() throws MalformedURLException
This convenience method works as if invoking it were equivalent to
evaluating the expression new URL(this.toString())
after
first checking that this URI is absolute.
IllegalArgumentException
- If this URL is not absoluteMalformedURLException
- If a protocol handler for the URL could not be found,
or if some other error occurred while constructing the URLpublic String getScheme()
The scheme component of a URI, if defined, only contains characters
in the alphanum category and in the string "-.+"
. A
scheme always starts with an alpha character.
The scheme component of a URI cannot contain escaped octets, hence this method does not perform any decoding.
null
if the scheme is undefinedpublic boolean isAbsolute()
A URI is absolute if, and only if, it has a scheme component.
true
if, and only if, this URI is absolutepublic boolean isOpaque()
A URI is opaque if, and only if, it is absolute and its scheme-specific part does not begin with a slash character ('/'). An opaque URI has a scheme, a scheme-specific part, and possibly a fragment; all other components are undefined.
true
if, and only if, this URI is opaquepublic String getRawSchemeSpecificPart()
The scheme-specific part of a URI only contains legal URI characters.
null
)public String getSchemeSpecificPart()
The string returned by this method is equal to that returned by the
getRawSchemeSpecificPart
method
except that all sequences of escaped octets are decoded.
null
)public String getRawAuthority()
The authority component of a URI, if defined, only contains the
commercial-at character ('@'
) and characters in the
unreserved, punct, escaped, and other
categories. If the authority is server-based then it is further
constrained to have valid user-information, host, and port
components.
null
if the authority is undefinedpublic String getAuthority()
The string returned by this method is equal to that returned by the
getRawAuthority
method except that all
sequences of escaped octets are decoded.
null
if the authority is undefinedpublic String getRawUserInfo()
The user-information component of a URI, if defined, only contains characters in the unreserved, punct, escaped, and other categories.
null
if the user information is undefinedpublic String getUserInfo()
The string returned by this method is equal to that returned by the
getRawUserInfo
method except that all
sequences of escaped octets are decoded.
null
if the user information is undefinedpublic String getHost()
The host component of a URI, if defined, will have one of the following forms:
A domain name consisting of one or more labels
separated by period characters ('.'
), optionally followed by
a period character. Each label consists of alphanum characters
as well as hyphen characters ('-'
), though hyphens never
occur as the first or last characters in a label. The rightmost
label of a domain name consisting of two or more labels, begins
with an alpha character.
A dotted-quad IPv4 address of the form
digit+.
digit+.
digit+.
digit+
,
where no digit sequence is longer than three characters and no
sequence has a value larger than 255.
An IPv6 address enclosed in square brackets ('['
and
']'
) and consisting of hexadecimal digits, colon characters
(':'
), and possibly an embedded IPv4 address. The full
syntax of IPv6 addresses is specified in RFC 2373: IPv6
Addressing Architecture.
null
if the host is undefinedpublic int getPort()
The port component of a URI, if defined, is a non-negative integer.
-1
if the port is undefinedpublic String getRawPath()
The path component of a URI, if defined, only contains the slash
character ('/'
), the commercial-at character ('@'
),
and characters in the unreserved, punct, escaped,
and other categories.
null
if the path is undefinedpublic String getPath()
The string returned by this method is equal to that returned by the
getRawPath
method except that all sequences of
escaped octets are decoded.
null
if the path is undefinedpublic String getRawQuery()
The query component of a URI, if defined, only contains legal URI characters.
null
if the query is undefinedpublic String getQuery()
The string returned by this method is equal to that returned by the
getRawQuery
method except that all sequences of
escaped octets are decoded.
null
if the query is undefinedpublic String getRawFragment()
The fragment component of a URI, if defined, only contains legal URI characters.
null
if the fragment is undefinedpublic String getFragment()
The string returned by this method is equal to that returned by the
getRawFragment
method except that all
sequences of escaped octets are decoded.
null
if the fragment is undefinedpublic boolean equals(Object ob)
If the given object is not a URI then this method immediately
returns false
.
For two URIs to be considered equal requires that either both are opaque or both are hierarchical. Their schemes must either both be undefined or else be equal without regard to case. Their fragments must either both be undefined or else be equal.
For two opaque URIs to be considered equal, their scheme-specific parts must be equal.
For two hierarchical URIs to be considered equal, their paths must be equal and their queries must either both be undefined or else be equal. Their authorities must either both be undefined, or both be registry-based, or both be server-based. If their authorities are defined and are registry-based, then they must be equal. If their authorities are defined and are server-based, then their hosts must be equal without regard to case, their port numbers must be equal, and their user-information components must be equal.
When testing the user-information, path, query, fragment, authority, or scheme-specific parts of two URIs for equality, the raw forms rather than the encoded forms of these components are compared and the hexadecimal digits of escaped octets are compared without regard to case.
This method satisfies the general contract of the Object.equals
method.
equals
in class Object
ob
- The object to which this object is to be comparedtrue
if, and only if, the given object is a URI that
is identical to this URIObject.hashCode()
,
HashMap
public int hashCode()
Object.hashCode
method.hashCode
in class Object
Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
,
System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)
public int compareTo(URI that)
When comparing corresponding components of two URIs, if one
component is undefined but the other is defined then the first is
considered to be less than the second. Unless otherwise noted, string
components are ordered according to their natural, case-sensitive
ordering as defined by the String.compareTo
method. String components that are subject to
encoding are compared by comparing their raw forms rather than their
encoded forms.
The ordering of URIs is defined as follows:
Two URIs with different schemes are ordered according the ordering of their schemes, without regard to case.
A hierarchical URI is considered to be less than an opaque URI with an identical scheme.
Two opaque URIs with identical schemes are ordered according to the ordering of their scheme-specific parts.
Two opaque URIs with identical schemes and scheme-specific parts are ordered according to the ordering of their fragments.
Two hierarchical URIs with identical schemes are ordered according to the ordering of their authority components:
If both authority components are server-based then the URIs are ordered according to their user-information components; if these components are identical then the URIs are ordered according to the ordering of their hosts, without regard to case; if the hosts are identical then the URIs are ordered according to the ordering of their ports.
If one or both authority components are registry-based then the URIs are ordered according to the ordering of their authority components.
Finally, two hierarchical URIs with identical schemes and authority components are ordered according to the ordering of their paths; if their paths are identical then they are ordered according to the ordering of their queries; if the queries are identical then they are ordered according to the order of their fragments.
This method satisfies the general contract of the Comparable.compareTo
method.
compareTo
in interface Comparable<URI>
that
- The object to which this URI is to be comparedClassCastException
- If the given object is not a URIpublic String toString()
If this URI was created by invoking one of the constructors in this class then a string equivalent to the original input string, or to the string computed from the originally-given components, as appropriate, is returned. Otherwise this URI was created by normalization, resolution, or relativization, and so a string is constructed from this URI's components according to the rules specified in RFC 2396, section 5.2, step 7.
public String toASCIIString()
If this URI does not contain any characters in the other
category then an invocation of this method will return the same value as
an invocation of the toString
method. Otherwise
this method works as if by invoking that method and then encoding the result.
Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.